How does cardiovascular disease contribute to the risk of heart attacks and strokes?

Cardiovascular disease plays a significant role in the risk of heart attacks and strokes primarily by narrowing the arteries, which increases the chances of blockages. This narrowing occurs due to the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, a condition known as atherosclerosis. As these deposits accumulate, they can restrict blood flow through the arteries.

When arteries are narrowed, it becomes more difficult for the heart to receive enough oxygen-rich blood. If a blockage occurs in the coronary arteries, it can lead to a heart attack. Similarly, if a blocked artery affects blood flow to the brain, it can result in a stroke. Thus, the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular disease directly contribute to increased risks of these serious health events by obstructing normal blood flow.

In contrast, the other options suggest beneficial effects that do not align with the nature of cardiovascular diseases. Strengthening arteries or improving blood flow would reduce the risk, while aiding in the formation of new blood vessels might be beneficial but does not specifically address the direct contribution of cardiovascular disease to heart attacks and strokes.