In what year was the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) founded?

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was founded in 1863, marking a significant milestone in humanitarian history. This year is critical as it aligns with the establishment of the organization by Henry Dunant and a group of Geneva citizens who were motivated by the suffering they witnessed during the Battle of Solferino in 1859. The ICRC's formation aimed to provide relief to wounded soldiers and to advocate for the humane treatment of individuals affected by armed conflict.

The choice of 1863 is significant as it lays the groundwork for the development of international humanitarian law and the principles that govern the ICRC's work today. It was also the beginning of a movement that led to the establishment of the Geneva Conventions, which further formalized protections for the wounded and those not participating in hostilities.

The other years mentioned do not correspond to the founding of the ICRC. For instance, 1776 is significant for the American Declaration of Independence, while 1901 is marked by the first Nobel Peace Prize awarded, including to the ICRC for its humanitarian efforts. Lastly, 1945 is known for the establishment of the United Nations, which was more focused on international governance rather than the specific humanitarian missions initiated by the I